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The application of oxygen-deficient perovskites (ODPs) has attracted interest as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries for their unique properties. One such material, CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ, has been studied extensively. The structure of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ was investigated using various techniques, including Rietveld refinements with X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. Additionally, iodometric titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to study the oxygen-deficiency amount and the transition metal’s oxidation states in the material. As an anode material, CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ exhibits promising performance. It delivers 393 mAhg−1 of discharge capacity at a current density of 25 mAg−1 after 100 cycles. Notably, this capacity surpasses both the theoretical graphite anode capacity (372 mAhg−1) and that of the calcium analog reported previously. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ remains highly reversible across various current densities ranging from 25 to 500 mAg−1. This suggests the material’s excellent stability and reversibility during charge–discharge cycles, showing its probable application as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The mechanism of lithium intercalation and deintercalation within CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ has also been discussed. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for optimizing the battery’s performance and ensuring long-term stability. Overall, this study highlights the significant potential of oxygen-deficient perovskites, particularly CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ, for applications as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, offering enhanced capacity and stability compared with traditional graphite-based anodes. 

This study presents a detailed investigation of the microstructure of the oxygen-deficient perovskite material Ca2FeGaO6-δ using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The material exhibits significant porosity and irregular grain morphology, with variations in grain size and growth. Unlike conventional perovskite structures, Ca2FeGaO6-δ shows non-uniform grain development, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies (δ ). SEM analysis reveals that the irregularities in grain size and shape, coupled with the porous nature of the material, are likely to influence its functional properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural features of Ca2FeGaO6-δ , offering a foundation for understanding its potential applications in catalysis, sensors, and other technologies. The study highlights the critical role of microstructural characteristics in determining the material’s performance.